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Dichanthelium hillebrandianum

(Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould (1978)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Dichanthelium

dicanthelium

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials forming tussocks.

Stems: Culms tufted, stout, 15-40 cm tall.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, closely imbricate. Blades 2-5 cm long,4-8 mm wide. Surfaces glabrous except those immediately below inflorescences. Margins ciliate near base with a few pustulate-based hairs. Veins parallel. Sheaths puberulent to glabrous on back, usually pubescent on margins at least above; ligule usually 0.3-0.5 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Panicles 3-5 cm Iong, main axis and appressed branches glabrous, sparsely pilose, or hispid; spikelets 2-2.7 mm long; first glume 1-nerved or 3-nerved, ca,. 1/2 as long as the spikelet.

Fruit: Fruit a caryopsis.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat: Forming tussocks in open bogs or low prostrate patches on wet soil in openings in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 940–1,850 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Brittonia 30: 57 (1978)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1526 (K, Mo, M, H [as D. hillebrandianum]); Aliscioni et al. 2003:816/Wagner & Herbst 2003:60 (maintain Dichanthelium as distinct from Panicum); Wood 2012:97 (O); Herbst 2962 BISH (Mo†, 1973)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, along Eke Trail Preserved_Specimen Low prostrate patches. Hobdy, R.W. 936 Maui BISH 1980-10-23
2 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai, bog along trail from Lehua makanoe toward Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 2970 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
3 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Mt. Kukui Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 435 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
4 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Lihue Makanoi/Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 2886 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
5 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Waimea drainage basin, west side, Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 875 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
6 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Near edge of 1942 lava flow along road leading to flow from Mauna Loa Boys School In boggy area with Rhynchospora, Juncus spp. and Ludwigia palustris. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6781 Hawaii BISH 1981-12-27
7 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Waimea Drainage Basin, W side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 879 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
8 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 2700 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
9 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Wahiawa Bog Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6717 Kauai BISH 1981-03-12
10 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai, bog along trail from Lehua makanoe toward Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 2886 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
11 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 811 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-11
12 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Waimea Drainage Basin, W side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 879 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
13 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Keahikauo Bog, Eke Trail Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 934 Maui BISH 1980-10-22
14 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai, bog along trail from Lehua makanoe toward Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 2886 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
15 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kaholuamanu behind Waimea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 402 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
16 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. Kauai BISH 1938-08-16
17 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
18 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
19 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
20 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Along the Eke Trail Bogs. Preserved_Specimen A tussock forming grass; plants sterile; looks a little more like P. inbricatum than P. espachnoidea. Hobdy, R.W. 702 Maui BISH 1979-10-24
21 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Waialeale summit Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Kauai BISH 1945-07-25
22 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Near N rim of Kipahulu In middle of an immense bog; a small Panicum found nearby occasionally. Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks. Harrison, B. 416 Maui BISH 1973-08-13
23 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai Swamp tufted grass of open bog Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2199 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
24 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum North end of Alakai Swamp F Preserved_Specimen Tufts in bog. St.John, H. 23053 Kauai BISH 1947-12-25
25 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Wiakea Ahupuaa, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District. Growing in the Upper Waiakea silversword bog (ARGKAU HA-WAU-A) near the edge of a forested kipuka. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. trigynum, Deschampsia nubigena, Oreobolus furcatus, Argyroxiphium kauense. Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Carex alligata, Sphagnum palustre. Preserved_Specimen Low lying grass with broad leaf blades. VanDeMark, J. 71 Hawaii BISH 2024-01-24
26 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai Swamp, Aipoinui bog Growing on Oreobolus tussocks. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2476 Kauai BISH 1985-09-21
27 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Hanalei District. Wainiha Pali, eastern boundary of Hono O Na Pali Natural Area Reserve sloping bogs with adjacent Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with small side streams and wind swept slopes w/Rhynchospora rugosa lavarum, Racomitrium, Oreobolus, Viola wailenalenae, Myrsine helleri, Lobelia villosa, L. hypoleuca, Sadleria pallida, Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Gahnia vitiensis Preserved_Specimen terrestrial grass, matting or mounding in bogs, many variable forms, common Wood, K.R. 16018 Kauai BISH 2014-07-30
28 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Beneath a Metrosideros tree on the edge of a bog containing much Juncus tenuis, Oreobolus furcatus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, and Sphagnum moss. Preserved_Specimen Low spreading grass growing in tussock. Cuddihy, L.W. 795 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
29 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Kukui Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks. Wilbur, R.L. 902 Maui BISH 1948-06-29
30 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Mt. Eke, Puu Kukui In open bogs; associated with dwarf Metrosideros, Selaginella, Sadleria, Carex, Schizaea, greensword. Preserved_Specimen Bishop, E. 163 Maui BISH 1966-06-21
31 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kulani Project, South Hilo Dist Growing on pahoehoe substrates in open Metrosideros scrub with native shrubs and ground cover dominated by Deschampsia australis and Anthoxanthum odoratum. Preserved_Specimen Low decumbent grass without stolons. Inflorescences dry. Cuddihy, L.W. 697 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
32 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Wahiawa, Alakai Swamp in bog and stream Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2428 Kauai BISH 1972-05-22
33 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Along the Eke Trail Open bogs. Preserved_Specimen A prostrate grass; plants sterile. Hobdy, R.W. 705 Maui BISH 1979-10-24
34 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Puu Kukui In open bogs Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 616 Maui BISH 1979-06-15
35 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui mtns., Puu Kukui In bogs. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 7618 Maui BISH 1976-01-05
36 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Kukui Growing in an open bog. Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 822 Maui BISH 1948-06-26
37 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kokee State Park, along Alakai Swamp Trail from jct. with Pihea Trail to Kilohana In bog. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5043 Kauai BISH 1983-08-30
38 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Wiakea Ahupuaa, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo.. Growing in the Upper Waiakea silversword bog (ARGKAU HA-WAU-A) near the edge of a forested kipuka. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. trigynum, Deschampsia nubigena, Oreobolus furcatus, Argyroxiphium kauense. Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Carex alligata, Sphagnum palustre. Preserved_Specimen Low lying grass with broad leaf blades. VanDeMark, J. 71 Hawaii BISH 2024-01-24
39 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Kukui, West Maui Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1316 Maui BISH 1968-11-28
40 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Kukui In an open bog. Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks. Wilbur, R.L. 824 Maui BISH 1948-06-26
41 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, pole no. 8 along powerline road; about 100 ft. E of road Growing in small, wet, open kipuka. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5930 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-06
42 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Puu Kukui Among dwarf luma in bog. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2700 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
43 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Beneath a Metrosideros tree on the edge of a bog containing much Juncus tenuis, Oreobolus furcatus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, and Sphagnum moss. Preserved_Specimen Low spreading grass growing in tussock. Cuddihy, L.W. 795 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
44 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Along the Eke Trail Open bogs. Preserved_Specimen A prostrate grass creeping among low plants. Hobdy, R.W. 706 Maui BISH 1979-10-24
45 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Eke Crater Growing in bog turf in large hummocks. Preserved_Specimen Sterile. Medeiros, A.C. 335 Maui BISH 1982-11-09
46 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai, Lehua makanoe In bog. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2884 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
47 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Kukui In bog. Preserved_Specimen Small tufts. St.John, H. 26077 Maui BISH 1957-08-30
48 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum South Hilo District, Kulani Project Found in open, scattered Metrosideros forest with Deschampsia, Juncus planifolius, Machaerina gahniiformis, and Uncinia groundcover; Styphelia, Coprosma ernodeoides, and Vaccinium reticulatium, also Rubus hawaiensis erect and prostrate. Preserved_Specimen Occasional grass. Davis, J. 440 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
49 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Kukui, near summit Among shrubs near open bog. Preserved_Specimen In open spaces the culms are short; in the shade they may be as much as 60 cm tall. Hitchcock, A.S. 14731 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
50 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai Swamp tufted grass of open bog Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2195 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
51 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Wiakea Ahupuaa, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo. Growing in the Upper Waiakea silversword bog (ARGKAU HA-WAU-A) near the edge of a forested kipuka. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. trigynum, Deschampsia nubigena, Oreobolus furcatus, Argyroxiphium kauense. Preserved_Specimen Low lying grass with broad leaf blades. VanDeMark, J. 71 Hawaii BISH 2024-01-24
52 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, S Hilo Dist Beneath a Metrosideros tree on the edge of a bog containing much Juncus tenuis, Oreobolus furcatus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, and Sphagnum moss. Preserved_Specimen Low spreading grass growing in a tussock. Cuddihy, L.W. 795 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
53 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kokee plateau, Kauluwehi Bog Growing in open turf in small tussocks. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 502 Kauai BISH 1983-09-01
54 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kahili Bog, Wahiawa In open bog. Preserved_Specimen Tufts. St.John, H. 13572 Kauai BISH 1933-12-24
55 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Lahaina District, Haelaau-Puu Kukui Trail Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 47 Maui BISH 1928-12-20
56 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kulani Project, South Hilo Dist Occasionally in the open Metrosideros scrub south of the 1942 a'a flow. Preserved_Specimen Grass 1 ft. tall Cuddihy, L.W. 415 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
57 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Wahiawa Bog W of Kahili Mt In bog. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1654 Kauai BISH 1956-01-02
58 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, pole no. 8 along powerline road; about 100 ft. E of road Growing in small, open, boggy kipuka. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5930 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-06
59 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Frequent occurrence in bog, growing with Oreobolus furcatus, Juncus tenuis, Carex montis-eeka, and Deschampsia australis. Preserved_Specimen Erect grass about 1 ft. high Cuddihy, L.W. 794 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
60 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Keauhou Ranch, (T-KJ), Kau district Open Metrosideros-native shrubs Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, not stoloniferous. Cuddihy, L.W. 4 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-10
61 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Hanalei Dist., Halelea Forest Reserve; summit of Namolokama Mtn Elfin cloud forest dominated by Metrosideros spp., Pelea, and Labordia, interspersed with open bog areas severely damaged by pigs and dominated by Juncus planifolius. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 3022 Kauai BISH 1988-06-17
62 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve Site, Near plot 11 Metrosideros polymorpha woodland with Deschampsia nubigena ground cover. Patchy pahoehoe lava fingers. Preserved_Specimen Flowering Uehana, S.T. 2 Hawaii BISH 2020-07-14
63 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Puu Kukui Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 606 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
64 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Near edge of 1942 lava flow along road running NE from Mauna Loa Boys School - Kulani In boggy area with Rhynchospora, Juncus spp. and Ludwigia palustris. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6781 Hawaii BISH 1981-12-27
65 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Kulani Project, South Hilo Dist Growing on pahoehoe substrate in open Metrosideros scrub with native shrubs and ground cover dominated by Deschampsia australis and Anthoxanthum odoratum. Preserved_Specimen Low decumbent grass without stolons. Inflorescences dry. Cuddihy, L.W. 696 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
66 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Keahikauo Bog, Eke Trail Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Spreading mats. Hobdy, R.W. 928 Maui BISH 1980-10-22
67 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Near 1852 aa flow, upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Growing in boggy area with a dense herbaceous cover of Juncus, Deschampsia, tussocks of Oreobolus, and some sterile Argyroxiphium plants. Preserved_Specimen A low grass. Height 10 inches, good vigor, frequent. Clarke, G. 577 Hawaii BISH 1981-04-10
68 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Alakai Swamp tufted grass of open bog Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2197 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
69 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui Open bogs. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 669 Maui BISH 1979-08-17
70 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Last open bog on Alakai Swamp trail before Kilohana, N of rain gauge Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6719 Kauai BISH 1981-03-14
71 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum W Maui, Puu Kukui In open bogs Preserved_Specimen Not as puberulent as plants growing along Eke Trail. Hobdy, R.W. 668 Maui BISH 1979-08-17
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